En la actual situación socioeconómica la preocupación de los consumidores y ciudadanos por el bienestar de los animales de producción puede suponer un veto para algunos productos poniendo en riesgo la sostenibilidad de los sistemas intensivos. Existen distintos tipos de definiciones sobre el concepto de bienestar dependiendo de qué aspectos se consideren más relevantes para el animal. La ausencia de una definición de bienestar animal globalmente aceptada aumenta la confusión de la sociedad. Se constata la existencia un bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre los actuales modos de producción y las implicaciones sobre el bienestar de los animales motivado, entre otras causas, por el distanciamiento físico y mental entre productores y consumidores. Estos creen que las especies mantenidas en sistemas productivos intensivos como los pollos de engorde, gallinas ponedoras y los cerdos están en peores condiciones de bienestar. Existen diferencias también en cuanto a la voluntariedad para pagar un precio superior por los productos que provienen de animales con mayor bienestar, siendo el ganado vacuno el mejor considerado. Los consumidores suelen percibir los productos provenientes de animales con mayor bienestar como más saludables, higiénicos, seguros, sabrosos, auténticos, tradicionales y mejores para el medio ambiente. Por todo ello, los ganaderos, las empresas y los miembros de la cadena alimentaria deben mantenerse al tanto de las percepciones públicas y la evolución de las preocupaciones y actitudes de los consumidores para poder tomar decisiones informadas que les ayuden a mejorar su sostenibilidad, responsabilidad social y credibilidad pública, lo cual les permitirá mantener su licencia social a través de la aprobación ética social.
Palabras clave: bienestar, consumidores, percepciones, producción animal.
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