La glándula tiroides está presente en todos los vertebrados y es única entre las glándulas endocrinas en que almacena sus productos de secreción (hormonas tiroidales) extracelularmente. Estas hormonas juegan un papel indispensable en una variedad de reacciones bioquímicas en tejidos periféricos como el músculo esquelético, cardíaco, el hígado y el riñón los que colectivamente controlan la actividad metabólica basal del organismo. A pesar de que muchos procesos fisiológicos en rumiantes requieren una actividad normal de la glándula tiroides, generalmente se ha resaltado su rol principalmente en la fisiología reproductiva. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de la literatura actual, la síntesis y acciones de las hormonas tiroidales en la fisiología de los rumiantes se ha extrapolado del conocimiento extenso que se tiene en la especie canina y felina. Por lo tanto, este trabajo pretende entregar información actualizada sobre la fisiología endocrina de la glándula tiroides en los rumiantes, enfatizando su rol en el bovino y ovino y las causas mas comunes de hipotiroidismo clínico en los rumiantes domésticos.
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