El objetivo fue revisar, con base en publicaciones predominantemente recientes, el conocimiento sobre los componentes del comportamiento de ingestión (CI) de vacas que pastorean en clima templado, y su relación con las características de las praderas que regulan el consumo diario de forraje (CF). Los componentes del CI que median el CF son masa de bocado (MB, g MS bocado-1), tasa de bocados (TB, bocados min-1), tasa de consumo (TC, g MS min-1) y tiempo de pastoreo (TP, min día-1). La masa, altura y densidad del forraje de las praderas afectan la MB y consecuentemente, el CF. La altura de la pradera se relaciona con los componentes del CI y es útil para evaluar el CF. Con base en estudios en praderas templadas en estado vegetativo, se destaca que el CF de vacas aumenta con incrementos en altura de la pradera, porque cosechan bocados de mayor MB, lo que les permite obtener altas TC. Pero, hay evidencia de que la TC puede disminuir en praderas demasiado altas; para procesar bocados más grandes, las vacas reducen su TB y ejecutan mayor cantidad de movimientos mandibulares compuestos y de masticación. Por el contrario, en praderas cortas las vacas aumentan su TB y TP, para remediar la reducción en la TC debida a la cosecha de bocados de menor peso, aunque esto no compensa completamente la disminución de TC. Por lo anterior, para mantener altas TC las vacas no deben ser forzadas a consumir forraje a altas intensidades de pastoreo.
Palabras clave: Tasa de consumo, Tiempo de pastoreo, Tasa de bocados, Masa de bocado, Altura de pradera.
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